A Growing Concern: Celiac Disease in Numbers

Celiac disease is becoming a significant global health issue. According to the World Gastroenterology Organisation, around 1 in 100 people worldwide are affected by celiac disease. However, the real number may be even higher due to underdiagnosis.

In India, recent studies suggest that approximately 5 to 10 million people are living with celiac disease, although many are unaware. In fact, undiagnosed cases often lead to severe health issues over time.This makes early detection and awareness crucial for effective treatment.

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What is Celiac Disease?

Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder. The disease is caused by an immune reaction to gluten—a protein commonly found in wheat, barley, and rye.. As a result, the immune system damages the lining of the small intestine. Consequently, this reduces the absorption of nutrients, which can lead to various health complications.

Common Symptoms of Celiac Disease

Celiac disease presents a wide range of symptoms, and they can differ based on age, gender, and overall health. Some people may experience severe digestive issues, while others may only show non-gastrointestinal signs. Here is a detailed look at the typical symptoms people experience:

1.Chronic Diarrhea or Constipation

It’s considered one of the most typical digestive symptoms. Diarrhea may occur due to poor nutrient absorption, while constipation results from irregular bowel function. Both can be persistent and hard to treat without addressing the root cause.

2.Bloating and Abdominal Pain

After consuming gluten, many patients experience gas, bloating, and stomach cramps. This discomfort can interfere with daily life and may be mistaken for other digestive issues like IBS.

3.Fatigue and Weakness

Due to poor nutrient absorption, people with celiac disease often feel tired and weak, even after adequate rest. This fatigue can be chronic and worsen over time.

4.Unexplained Weight Loss

As the body fails to absorb essential nutrients, patients may lose weight rapidly, even with a regular diet.In many cases, this is an early red flag pointing to celiac disease.

5.Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Gluten damage to the small intestine leads to poor iron absorption, resulting in anemia. Indicators may include feeling dizzy, looking pale, having headaches, and breathing difficulties.

6.Skin Rashes (Dermatitis Herpetiformis)

This itchy, blistering skin condition is directly linked to gluten intolerance. It typically appears on elbows, knees, and the back.

7.Joint Pain

Some individuals may suffer from joint pain and stiffness due to inflammation caused by the autoimmune response.

8.Delayed Growth in Children

In children, celiac disease can cause delayed growth and puberty, poor weight gain, and developmental delays due to nutritional deficiencies.

9.Infertility and Miscarriages

Untreated celiac disease can lead to reproductive issues in both men and women, including difficulty conceiving and frequent miscarriages.

10.Depression and Anxiety

Mental health symptoms like irritability, anxiety, and depression are common and often linked to nutritional imbalances and chronic physical discomfort.

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Long-Term Effects if Left Untreated

If celiac disease remains undiagnosed or untreated, it can lead to several serious long-term complications. These include:

1.Malnutrition

Damaged intestines cannot absorb essential nutrients like iron, calcium, folate, and vitamins. Over time, this leads to severe malnutrition, affecting the entire body.

2.Osteoporosis (Weak Bones)

Calcium and vitamin D deficiency, common in untreated celiac patients, increases the risk of osteoporosis, leading to bone pain and fractures.

3.Neurological Disorders

Some patients develop nerve problems, including tingling, numbness (neuropathy), balance issues, and even seizures.

4.Reproductive Problems

Both men and women may face fertility challenges. Women may also experience irregular periods, complications during pregnancy, and early menopause.

5.Liver Disorders

Elevated liver enzymes and liver inflammation (hepatitis) can develop if gluten intake continues unchecked.

6.Intestinal Cancers

In rare cases, ignoring celiac disease may greatly increase the likelihood of intestinal lymphoma and small bowel cancer.